A Comprehensive Overview
Historical Origins and Mythological Stories
Makar Sankranti, an age-old festival, stems from Hindu mythology. It celebrates Goddess Sankranti's triumph over the demon Sankarasur, representing good conquering evil. The Mahabharata connects it to Bhishma Pitamaha, who embraced this sacred day to leave his earthly life.
A well-known tale tells of the Sun God, Surya, mending ties with his son Shani (Saturn), symbolizing unity and forgiveness. In Bengal, it marks the sacred descent of the goddess Ganga to Earth.
Spiritual Significance
Transition to Light
The festival celebrates the sun entering Capricorn and heading north (Uttarayana), signifying light, hope, and fresh starts.
Sacred Rituals
Followers honor the Sun God, bathe in sacred rivers like the Ganga to purify sins, and pray for blessings of prosperity. Uttarayana is seen as a very auspicious time.
Charity and Goodwill
Sharing plays a vital role, as people give food, clothing, and money—often sesame and jaggery—to promote goodwill and nurture unity within the community.
Celebrations Across Different Indian States
Gujarat (Uttarayan)
Uttarayan, a lively two-day kite festival, paints the skies with vibrant kites as people gather on rooftops for cheerful competitions. The festive spirit is complemented by classic treats like Undhiyu and chikkis, filling the air with joy.
Maharashtra
People share 'til-gul' (sesame-jaggery sweets) and say, 'Til gul ghya, god god bola,' which means 'Take these sweets and speak kindly.' This gesture represents forgiveness and building bonds. Women also organize Haldi-Kumkum meetups.
Tamil Nadu (Pongal)
Known as Pongal, this four-day harvest festival honors nature and starts with Bhogi. Thai Pongal follows, featuring the preparation of a sweet dish called 'pongal.' It also celebrates cattle (Maattu Pongal) and fosters social connections (Kaanum Pongal).
Punjab (Lohri & Maghi)
The festivities kick off with Lohri, marked by a vibrant bonfire, folk music, and lively dances. Maghi follows, dedicated to sacred baths and spiritual renewal. It's a season of savoring festive treats and honoring heroic traditions.
Assam (Magh Bihu)
Celebrated as Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu, this is a festival of feasting. Communities erect temporary huts (meji) for a lavish meal on Uruka night. At sunrise, the meji are set ablaze in a ritual bonfire, followed by traditional games and savoring rice cakes (pitha).
Common Festive Wishes in Hindi
मकर संक्रांति की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ!
"Heartfelt greetings of Makar Sankranti!"
खूबसूरत पतंगों की तरह उड़े आपकी खुशियाँ।
"May your joys soar high like beautiful kites."
शहद और चीनी सी मिठास से भरपूर हो आपका जीवन।
"May your life be as sweet as sesame and jaggery."
रंग-बिरंगी पतंगों की तरह रंगीन हो आपका जीवन।
"May your life be as colorful as the multicolored kites."