2012 Nobel Prize Winners: Breakthroughs in Science, Literature, and Peace

Nobel Prize Award 2012

Category	Recipient(s)	Country
Physics	Serge Haroche David J. Wineland	France United States
Chemistry	Robert J. Lefkowitz Brian K. Kobilka	United States
Medicine	John B. Gurdon Shinya Yamanaka	United Kingdom Japan
Literature	Mo Yan	China
Peace	European Union	European Union
Economics	Alvin E. Roth Lloyd S. Shapley	United States

The Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances. The 2012 Nobel Prize winners were announced in October of that year. The Physics Prize was awarded to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland for their work in quantum optics. The Chemistry Prize was awarded to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka for their work on G protein-coupled receptors. The Medicine Prize was awarded to John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka for their work on cell reprogramming. The Literature Prize was awarded to Mo Yan for his work as a writer "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary". The Peace Prize was awarded to the European Union for "over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe". The Economics Prize was awarded to Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley for their work on market design and matching theory.