Why Chhath Puja Is Celebrated: History, Origin and Significance

The Ancient Vedic Roots of Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja is often regarded as the most ancient Hindu festival, with roots tracing back to the Vedic era. The core of the festival is the worship of Surya, the Sun God, who is considered the ultimate source of life, energy, and healing. The rituals described in the Rigveda closely resemble the customs practiced during Chhath Puja today.

Mythological Origins: The Mahabharata Connection

There are two primary legends from the epic Mahabharata associated with Chhath:

• Karna's Devotion: Karna, the son of Surya and Kunti, was known for his daily ritual of standing in a river to offer prayers to the Sun God. He would distribute alms to the needy afterward. This tradition is mirrored in the Sandhya and Usha Arghya rituals.
• Draupadi's Fast: During the Pandavas' exile, they were visited by the sage Dhaumya. He advised Draupadi and the Pandavas to perform the Chhath Puja to regain their lost kingdom and prosperity. Their successful observance of the fast led to their eventual victory.

The Ramayana Connection

Another powerful legend ties Chhath to the Ramayana. It is believed that upon returning to Ayodhya after defeating Ravana, Lord Rama and Sita observed a fast and offered prayers to the Sun God in the month of Kartik. Sita, being blessed by Surya, performed the rigorous rituals, laying the foundation for the tradition of women acting as the primary Vratis (those who observe the fast).

Cultural and Scientific Significance

Beyond mythology, Chhath Puja holds deep scientific and cultural meaning. By standing in river water during sunrise and sunset, devotees expose themselves to solar energy with minimal ultraviolet radiation, promoting physical healing and vitamin D absorption. Culturally, it is a festival that promotes supreme equality: there are no priests involved, and offerings are made using eco-friendly bamboo baskets and earthen stoves.